Sharif, 83, died on Friday of a heart attack in an upmarket Cairo clinic after a struggle with Alzheimer's disease.
The funeral was held at the grand mosque of Mushir Tantawi in an eastern neighbourhood of the Egyptian capital, where key religious ceremonies are often held.
Sharif's remains were later buried at El Sayeda Nafisa cemetery in the city's south.
The service was attended by a group of Sharif's relatives, friends and Egyptian actors, an AFP correspondent reported.
His body was in a casket draped in the Egyptian flag and a black shroud.
The winner of two Golden Globe awards and an Oscar nomination for his role as Sherif Ali in David Lean's 1962 epic "Lawrence of Arabia," Sharif captivated audiences worldwide for more than half a century.
Sharif was known for his debonair style, raffish good looks and often mischievous joie de vivre, but he will be remembered forever as the eponymous "Doctor Zhivago".
